Who-so- ever has read these books, may easily understand the evolution of my approach towards politics and religion. Now, owing to my old age, I am afraid, I will not be in a position to write any more on these subjects separately. So, in this book, I deem it necessary to assimilate the facts and figures summarily. Hoping this may serve to the readers about the crux of the problem aiming at its remedy, which of course, is now the sole objective of my life.
SINDHU DESH is that part of the Indian Subcontinent to It's Nature has entrusted from time immemorial a vast area of rich and cultivable land, with plenty of water flowing in the river Indus as also, with a bounty of long seashore, which enabled the natives of this land to acquire a rich heritage of refined culture and civilization, for their citizens in the pre-historic period of this region.
Tracing history through the archeological findings, it k revealed that long before the past five thousand years, this country had progressed on the path of civilization, carrying the citizenship of their inhabitants at par with the ancient civilization of Egypt, Summeria, Assinay and Babul, etc.
According to some historians, many of the ancient dwellers those in fact led their people towards the highly civilized society of olden days were of Dravadian origin. Where from and when they came to settle on this soil, history seems to be silent. However, with a number of discoveries of the archeology, a few folklore and anecdotes in this respect are referred to. One important disclosure is that about twenty-five thousand (25,000) years ago in the Mediterranean Sea, there used to be a subcontinent by the name Mediterranean where several millions of people lived.
They may have developed their own culture, tradition and civilization after hundreds of thousands of years of experience. Several scholars opined that geological changes occurred due to some unknown natural catastrophe with a severe earthquake, which caused the Mediterranean subcontinent to submerge into the sea because of the tidal waves rushing on from the sides of Gibraltar and Dardanelles. Thus the subcontinent disappeared, giving out the present name of the sea as Mediterranean.
Because of this calamity, probably millions of people along with their heritage and culture were destroyed, leaving behind only a few traces like the Island of CRETE and others. Out of this adversity only a few clan could manage to escape.
Later on, one after the other, they migrated via Middle East to Sindhu Desh to settle here normally along the banks of the Indus River. They built up a new civilization resembling that of Egypt, Summeria, Assyria and Babylon, which were known the old Mediterranean civilization.
The Dravadian flourished and dominated the entire region, reigning in the Indus Valley for about fifteen hundred years before Christ i.e. thirty-seven hundred (3,700) years ago, the Aryans from Mid-Asia, pushing forcibly many of the Darvadians towards South India.
While combating, the Darvadians were massacred in a large number, and very many were captured to remain as captives and slaves. Those men and women were later declared as scheduled caste i.e. the ACHUTES and DASIS.
Afterwards, the Aryans dislodged the prevailing traditions and culture. Instead, the new rituals, heritage, traditions and culture singling to that of the Dravadian color custom and creed were practiced and installed. The signs of this duplex civilization are found in the primitive society. So this version seems to be correct that the Dravadian originally belonged to the old Mediterranean civilization.
Since their inception the inhabitants of this valley, that is, the Sindhu Deshies lived in peace and tranquility advancing their culture, trade and commerce solely because of their rich natural resources. Yet, the impetus of theirs remained hampered due to various reasons.
The valley being in the seismic zone suffered many onslaughts of earthquakes, which caused major damage and destruction to life and property.
Hence, the changing geographical conditions readily brought in the environmental changes. This affected the monsoons, inundated in Indus basin and turned over the course of the river.
Moreover, repeated attacks of the powerful belligerent alien invaders and their subjugation with the dictates of their imperialist design hindered not only the polity and economy of Sindhu Desh, but also handicapped the natural growth of their sagacity and intellect.
Whenever an assessment is made of the evolutionary process of the Indus valley, it appears as a battlefield of many wars, which were fought in the past by the sons of the soil, just to resist against the hegemony and domination of the foreign rulers.
The history of this region reveals that the valley remained under the domination of the foreigners for quite a long period. Five hundred years before Christ, it remained under the yoke of the Iranian Empire. They exploited its natural resources to become even richer. Significant traces of the Persian rules and domination are visible in their architectural style of construction and town planning. These may still be seen in Birhamanabad, Bhambhore and Ranikot. Thereafter, Alexander the Great dominated Iran.
The Indus valley, being a part of the Iranian Empire, also came into his hands. Its lakes, "rivers, 'forests, pastures, fertile lands and ocean etched Sindh So, 'with a royal decree, the ancient Sindhu desh became a center of power for his dynasty. He ruled over the valley, though for a short time. After his demise one of his Generals, Demittress arrived in Sindh. He occupied Patyala i.e. the modern Hyderabad Sindh. He also ruled and exploited the dwellers for some time. The monuments and coins collected from the ruins speak about the Grecian domination over Sindh. During the Greek imperialist rule, the Sindhis revolted many times and finally they succeeded in ousting the alien ruler. Yet the effects of their valiant attempt did not last long as they were soon subdued and had to surrender again to the Sassanian rulers of Iran.
In the 7th century, the Arabs too entered Sindhu Desh, as conquerors. But later on when their grip slackened, the Pathans, the people from North Western part of undivided India often plundered and looted the local people. After that, the local tribesmen, the descendants of Soomras and Samas, gained power. They ruled' Sindh for a span stretching over three to four hundred years. The reign of Samas and Soomras also came to an end. They too submitted before the Arghoons and Turkhans.
So the continued exercise of changing hands from one dynasty to the other ultimately brought in the Mughal Emperors. During their reign the colonization of Sindh continued. When the Mughal Empire of Delhi became weak and broke into fragments, an independent state in Sindh emerged under the leadership of Kalhoras and Talpurs. It existed till the advent of the British rule. The Agents of the British Imperialism, for their vested interests, attached Sindh with Bombay Presidency. They ruled Sindh through Bombay for about a hundred years Their rule proved a terrible experience for the people of Sindh who suffered humiliation in almost every walk' of life. During this long span of time, the plight of the common man was most pitiable. Not an iota of social uplift could be seen in any aspect of life. Political slavery had its effects on social conditions, which remained as coercive as the Serfdom in the Medieval Poland. The tyrannical colonial rule, with its unjust gross injustice, exasperated" the people' to, launch a campaign against the British Government for separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency.' The constant struggle of the people at last bore fruit and in 1936, Sindh consequently got its' recognition, though unfortunately in the shape of a province. The Sindhis did' have a distaste once again, but they nurtured the hope that, after the shackles of slavery were done away with, Sindhu Desh would emerge and exist as an independent and sovereign state in the community of nations.
For a variety of reasons such as the political motivation of men with vested interests, their mutual differences, lack of foresight and the ignorance of the masses, the real objectives of freedom could not be achieved in 1947. Pakistan came into being because the Britisher were compelled to leave the Sub-continent, dividing it into Bharat and Pakistan on the basis of the so-called two-nation theory. The then Pakistan consisted of two wings i.e. East Pakistan and West Pakistan. In fact, it was an unnatural demarcation, as both the parts were situated more than a thousand of miles away from each other. So it did not work for long and the very theory of 'two-nations' flopped with the creation of Bangla Desh.
The basic fact about the two wings of the country was that East Pakistan enjoyed a much greater majority of men, whereas the Western wing was much larger in area. Since the advent of Adult Franchise every inhabitant of the East wing had the right to vote, hence its representatives in Federal Parliament were also in majority and could pass or lay any rule which they deemed for the betterment of their own people. The ruling clique of West Pakistan realized this undeniable fact as early as 1962. Therefore, the bureaucracy, aided by the military, wanted to keep its, grip by all possible mean on the East' wing for its own political, social and economic benefits. The bureaucracy and the military obviously hailed from the Western wing of the country. In view of the above realistic socio-political conditions, elements of the East Wing began their struggle for political, economic and social independence. They justified their struggle on the following grounds:
Under this umbrella, tyrants and corrupt Military high-ups and the top bureaucrats of Punjab strengthened and stabilized the Punjabi imperialistic design so much so that it culminated in the defacto rule of the state of Punjab over the entire Pakistan. The people of the Punjab being in a majority always framed and approved such a constitution that Sindh, Baluchistan and the Frontier provinces remained at their mercy, having no recognition as Sindhis, Baluchis and Pukhtoons, in the so-called state of Pakistan.
The people of Sindh are not like the wise men of Gothum, who could be beguiled for long on one pretext or the other. They know that their land is full of treasure, its natural resources and income are far more than its encumbrances. It was because of the richness of resources that in olden days and in the recent past many foreign rulers like Iranians, Arabians, and Europeans were tempted to occupy and take control of the region. The majority of dwellers in Sindh have enjoyed the pleasures of life through their trade, agriculture, farming and cattle-breeding. These farmers, traders and shepherds have lived comfortably in peace and harmony for long. So characteristically they have become non-violent and non-adventurous, but they are now being dubbed as lethargic or Epicurean. Besides, they are also being regarded as docile. At the same time, there are voices, which claim that the Sindhis are being reduced to the level of 'Red Indians' in America. These aberrations are made because, basically and essentially, the Sindhis are peace loving people. Even during the days of their pristine glory, they have never indulged in threatening the territorial integrity of their neighbors.
A dialectical approach in the last five thousand years history of Sindhi reveals that the fate of the people of the area is like that of the tidal wage, which fluctuates periodically. After the wave has passed, the surface of the sea becomes smooth again. This change is significant. It is as if night has changed into day. When there had been a foreign domination it was a dark period for them. So the locals remained fast asleep; but when the foreign domination ended, the daylight appeared. Then they worked hard, shoulder to shoulder, from dawn to dusk, just to march forward on the path of progress. In this way they enjoyed the fluctuating fortunes of life with the passage of time. The repeated domination of different imperialist powers did try to subdue them but they remained contented, patient and timid even to such an extent that many a myopic man believed that they have lost their national pride and thus the very spirit of their patriotism is eclipsed.
Now-a days throughout Pakistan, the Punjabi Imperialism is at its peak. This design of the imperialist rule has subjugated the people of Sindh. While facing the brunt of the Punjabis they are subjected to all kinds of miseries. As a result of the economic exploitation, the poor are made poorer. The' heavy influx of the alien people in Sindh is a part of planned colonization. In this way an attempt is made to convert the majority of Sindhis into an abject minority. The state of Punjab wants to obliterate the proven history of Sindh as its being a separate state and nation, having its own creed, heritage, culture, language and traditions. In the wake of the present conditions, the Sindhis should strive to rise to the occasion in order to save their motherland. I am confident that they will redeem Sindh from the cruel clutches of usurpers. History is a testimony that the Sindhis have always proved as the valiant sons of their country.
It is extremely unfortunate that under the cover of religion, Muslims of the Sub-continent were exploited by most of their leaders. Being illiterate, prejudiced, sentimental and emotionally attached blindly two religious beliefs, they were easily misled without caring about consequences. Only three instances would illustrate the point.
First Ahmed Brelivi leading 225,000 Muslims from Bengal, Bihar and U.P. and then from Pir jo Goth, with a pack of animals, food and fodder in Khairpur, for a "JEHAD" against the Sikh Government of Ranjit Singh, in the Frontier Province suffered a humiliating defeat. Out of this number only a few escaped to tell the tragic story of how local Pathans combined with the local Sikhs to defeat Ahmed Brelivi's LASHKAR at Balakot.
Second was the "HIJRAT MOVEMENT" of 1919-20, in which emotionally-strung Muslims left India in thousands to "Save Mecca" from the British. This was the second disaster.
The third was the strange movement called the "KHILAFAT MOVEMENT" of 1920s. Its purpose was twofold: to demolish the democratic Republic of (Modern) Turkey led by Mustafa Kamal, and to restore the politically dilapidated, socially static and bankrupt economy of Sultan Abdul Hameed (of the Ottoman Empire) which had sarcastically been given the nick-name of "Sick-man of Europe".
Such being the mental make-up of the Indian Muslims, they are easily aroused with the sheer slogan of "Islam is in danger", for the simple reason that from the recent past, the idea of "two-nation theory" kept on haunting the mind of an average Muslims.
The catch phrase of "Islam in danger" therefore put a spur to the emotionally charged Muslim minds. Moreover, Dr. Iqbal's theory of making a separate federated state in the Muslim majority areas galvanized their minds for a sovereign state other own. This idea stirred them to commit such acts, which ultimately led to the partition of the Sub-continent.
While a lot of literature was published and emotional propaganda went on, a question was very much argued whether a national state could be carved out on the basis of religious ideology or, alternatively, it could be based on geographical territory with its economic' and political interests, socio-cultural matrix of a common language, tradition and culture. But such was the emotional upsurge that no logic worked. The majority of the Muslims appeared impervious to reason. For the following reasons one is convinced that neither the Hindu community, nor the Muslim community, could be treated as a single nation as a whole.
India was not ethnically a composite unit was a Subcontinent of various and diverse socio-cultural and linguistic ethnic groups of different colors, creeds, customs and traditions.
Moreover, in spite of the identical culture, traditions and historical bonds, the Muslims of the Sub-c' continent could not remain a single nation, though their religion seemed to be the same, as they have over three hundred sectarian groups among them, each one of which is different from the others.
There is enough pro6f in history that the Muslims spread out to settle in different parts of the world for getting political and economic power. In the process of habitation, they appreciably acclimatized themselves to the local geographical and social conditions of the concerned regions. They also intermixed with the people of other tribes and religions in various countries of the world. It, therefore, changed their temperament and outlook on life. So they could not remain a single nation round the globe, because different local geographical conditions influenced their culture, language and customs.
Coming back to the socio-cultural conditions of the Sub-continent, it may be seen that during the partition there were two big political Organizations. The Indian National Congress and the Muslim League the Congress supported and pleaded the view that India, as a whole, was a single nation. So, by virtue of its being a single state, all its citizens were Indians, in spite of different colors and creeds. Therefore, they should be treated as one nation. This view had the blessings of a section of the British politicians, as the idea also suited the British Imperialist designs.
A deep look into the matter shows that this view was not true as the, Indian Sub-continent represents many and diverse geographical territorial entities. The large chain of huge mountains encircled its two sides and the sea surrounded the other two of its borders. Besides, in history, never before the Indian Sub-continent was ruled by a single administration except that of the British Government. As the Sub-continent comprises of various territorial climatic zones, similarly its inhabitants are also of different origins. They developed their own social and cultural back-'ground. Viewed in anthropological terms the evolutionary history of mankind, one would see that family being the primary unit, it federated with the tribe, and the tribes later formed an ethnic group with a language, culture and tradition of its own. And the tribes, with their common interests, joined to become a community of a particular region. Yet the ultimate objective was the' unity amongst the race of the human species, as, during the course of their evolution, they had to go through fire and water. In fact, they struggled constantly for their existence. So while passing through many phases, they had to combat the calamities, during which the "survival of the' fittest" had to be the guiding principle of life.
In the struggle for survival, on many occasions, physical fitness, intellectual fitness, ethical fitness, or all combined have played their roles, which enabled mankind to survive and move forward. In the annals of history, there seem to be two strong elements, which separately contributed to the greater unity and integrity of India. In the field of political development of the Sub-continent, the personalities of ASHOKA, VIKER MAJEITA, AKBER THE GREAT, and BRITISHERS, appear great donors of culture and civilization. These great rulers, in their times, worked and devoted themselves to the cause of political unity of India.
And as sages like KRISHNA, BUDDHA, MAHVEER, JAIN and many other reformists like GURU NANAK, MOEENUDDIN CHISTY AJMERI, KABEER BHAGAT, SHAH INAYAT, SHAH LATIF and so many others played their respective significant roles in contributing dedicatedly to the' greater unity of India and its multitudinous people. Besides, in the' wake of this momentum there ran two forces simultaneously. One urged to unite and integrate the Subcontinent on socio-political and scientific basis to attain a healthier economy and prosperity for its people. The other group of men of vested interests planned to disintegrate the people. So they put forward many ideologies comparing the social and cultural differences amongst the natives of the Sub-continent. The expounders and followers of both the theories used all the means of communication available for their ends.
Beyond doubt, many philosophers have opined that the elements of unity are more powerful than the forces of disintegration. Empo Tutan Yar, the great Indonesian sage, said 5000 years ago: "Bhineke Tungal Ikka" - There is unity in Diversity. So we should have cast our vote in favor of the unity of the Sub-continent, irrespective of the centuries old diversity existing in the society. The unity and cooperation amongst their rank and file would have served and benefited the greater good of the people of undivided India. But people with the vested interests, supported by the British Imperialist power and the Muslim League under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, succeeded in dividing the Subcontinent.
Seen from this angle, one is obliged to admit that at the time of partition the multi-racial India still had not developed any national characteristics of a nation-hood, though the urge to mould the population into a single nation had been present for long.
Likewise, the Muslims living in this Sub-continent were not culturally or linguistically homogenous. For instance the Pathans had their Pakhtoon language, culture, customs and traditions. The Baluchis and Sindhis had their different languages and cultural traditions, which differed entirely from that of the Muslims of Bengal. The Bengali language, culture and mode of life were entirely foreign to that of the Pathans, Baluchis and Sindhis. As regards the Punjabis, their language is no language but a sub4anguage, or a dialect, which originated from JAT culture. If at all the Punjabis have a language; it is GURMUKHI, as this language has a dictionary of its own. The spoken Punjabi is only a DIALECT, as it has no dictionary. Moreover, the Kashmiris have an entirely different language and cultural history, which differs in every way imaginable from that of the Pushto, Punjabi and Bengali languages.
As regards the Muslims of the Indian Native States, the Muslims of Hyderabad State spoke chaste Urdu and their culture, traditions and customs were poles apart from that of the Punjabi and Bengali. They cannot be compared with the converted Muslims of Kathiawar, Gujrat, Poona and Goa a deeper study and psycho-social analysis, it will be found that it was not even a common religion which bound these linguistically and culturally heterogeneous elements, but different factors came into play which were conducive to bring them closer. These were primarily economic and psychic in character. This needs a bit of elaboration.
The mass of heterogeneous and socially diversified ethnic groups of Muslims, living in the Sub-continent, was intellectually far inferior; it as full of social prejudices; it was narrow-minded and rigid and clung to the 'antiquated social ideas. But emotionally it was highly strung. The most dominant element in the lives of those Muslims was the material aspect of life. That is, 90% of the entire mass of the culturally and linguistically' diversified Muslims was economically on the verge of poverty without modern education and any type of technical 'know-how'. They, for generations, had remained poor. These Muslims ran into millions _but numerically they were in step minority of one to three. Jobless and penniless, seething with dissatisfaction, pinning all the blame for their plight on the majority community, they were in a veritable sleeping volcano. Just: one matchstick was needed for them to blow up. This was the mind-catching slogan of "Islam is in danger". So it was not the difference in religion, therefore, which caused the eventual partition. On this question one may refer to no less a champion of the partition than Liaquat Ali Khan whose own speech delivered at the Kansas University, U.S.A., in 1951, bears out my contention in substances.[1]
As to the Muslim lower middle class, they were small businessmen and the middle class were seekers of all kinds of jobs. So primarily, and on all accounts it was the economic factor. Per se, which galvanized the different ethnic groups of Muslims - OF THE MINORITY PROVINCES of Bihar, U.P., Bombay, Kathiawar and the INDIAN NATIVE STATES - to become the political cannon fodder of the upper class leaders of the Muslim League, who were industries magnates, millionaire businessmen, British spies, titled gentry and big Zamindars all these put together wanted a "Happy Hunting Ground" in the rich fields of western parts of the Subcontinent, given the psychologically impressive name of Pakistan.
In the last Muslim League session' held at Delhi in 1946, the Radical Wing of the Muslim League had tabled a draft resolution, to be put in the subjects committee. The draft was for defining the economic status of the state-to-be. Taking up that draft, Mr. Jinnah read it aloud and cleverly said, "Pakistan shall not be a happy-hunting ground of the capitalists". Thus he avoided the issue. But it is a fact that Pakistan has become a very much "happy-hunting ground" of all opportunists of every class and shade.
It is on record that Sir Sikander Hayat, with his Unionist Ministry in the Punjab, was averse to the Muslim League domination and so he did not allow the entry of Mr. Jinnah into the Punjab. Mr. Jinnah complained about it to Lord Mountbatten [2]
Thus the Muslim industrialists, who could not thrive in undivided India, migrated to Pakistan. They needed a closed market in which the small businessmen and the common people, having no alternative, would be forced to buy from them at their cutthroat prices. Jagirdars, feudal lords, all together with the Muslim bureaucrats, who would later be in a position to say with impunity, "ministers may come, and ministers may go, but we go on for, ever". Capitalized the situation and forced the pace of dividing India by egging on the riff raff Muslims to burn, loot, kill and rape for getting political and unlimited 'economic power. So the political high-ups used the poor and ignorant Muslims for their personal, political, social and economic benefits which later incidents proved. [3]
So when the emotional upsurge and short-lived exuberance subsided and gave place to cold reality, the conscious people of different regions of the newly formed state came face to face with the superficiality of the Muslim unity on religious basis. The unspoken truth dawned on them rather too late. The truth was: had religion been a sound basis for nationalism, or nationhood, then Christian' England would not have gone to war with all Christian France or Christian Spain would not have sent its "ARMADA", consisting of 300 ships, to attack England. Further, there would not have been any war among scores of Hindu Rajput Rajas for over a century, not to speak wars of "Mahabharat".
Were that there any such concepts of the Muslim unity in the Sub-continent itself, why did Aurangzeb attack the Muslim Bahmani states of Bijapur, Ahmed Nagar and Golkonde? Why did he fight the Pathans under Khushal Khan Khattak and imprison him in the famous fort of RANTHAMBOR? Were they not Muslims? These few off-hand examples prove that neither theology nor spiritualism decides political issues or statecraft. It is, in fact, pure and simple material and economic causes which cast the dye in favor or" against the success of a political ideology or in setting up and managing a state.
Soon after the partition and emergence of the new state of Pakistan, the Government forces became more selfish and materialistic. The much propagated "Lahore Resolution of 1940" which demanded Pakistan, was moved by the well-known Muslim leader of Bengal, Chowdhry Fazlul Haq, whose original wordings were: "The sovereign states of Pakistan". But in the Delhi session of the Muslim League held in 1946, the original wordings were changed to "A sovereign state of Pakistan".
Fazlul Haq reacted strongly and objected to this change for it meant East Bengal's subservience to the dominant political group in West Pakistan Assembly. So he left Delhi in disgust. It is on record that such an ardent supporter of Pakistan was declared a "TRAITOR" because he did not bend to the then political clique in West Pakistan. This incident gives a glimpse of how things began to be politically maneuvered in West Pakistan. The early secret moves against East Pakistan were neither generally known nor understood. But it was felt in conscious political circles that being in a majority, East Pakistan members of the Legislative Assembly would throw in their weight in favor of Sindh. So the hidden minority against East Pakistan came out in the open between 1964 to 1970.
The Agartalla Conspiracy Case against Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. I was the first open indication of what was being done stealthily. The bureaucracy played a great but hidden part in aggravating the situation to the boiling point. The then Director of the D.F.P., Jalaluddin Ahmed, was a well known opportunist. It has come to light that he was also one of the bureaucratic, agents of American C.I.A. One night in late 70, he flew to East Pakistan with huge posters prepared in Bengali to incite the local people there at the behest of Altaf Gouhar. Finally, the Military, with Tikka Khan's inhuman boasts resorted to revengeful massacres of the Bengalis indiscriminately. Thus their secret efforts to separate the majority from West Pakistan resulted in the birth of a new sovereign and independent state of Bangla Desh.
These days a pragmatic situation has become dynamically alive in Pakistan. It is the exhilarating political idea of creating a new independent state of Sindh. So the sons of the soil, in full cooperation should increase the momentum for the demand and efforts to create Sindhu Desh with the new Sindhis who have settled down in this land permanently.
On many occasions, and from different angles, a lot has been discussed. Looking critically at the dubious unity of Muslims of the Sub-continent based on my own observation and information. I would like to add further more that despite of the difficulties of obstructions, false propaganda and physical cruelties on Sindhi village folk by the Military. Such as shooting down even our educated youth by giving them the false name of "Dacoits" in the jungles of Sindh, the idea of an independent Sindhu Desh has grown into an ideal and on this basis a unity of all sections of the people of Sindh has been forged.
So I am of the opinion that in the near future, the only way left open for the people of the Indo-Pak Sub-continent would be to re-unite, forming a loose confederation of the following: Sindh, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Iran and the Middle East.
The world stands divided today in two main groups:
1. The Capitalist countries
2. The Socialist countries.
Let me refer to the well-known historian, Arnold Tynobi. He is of the opinion that the economic pattern of the Western civilization is founded on materialism. Socialism, on the other hand, has no individual incentive. Both the systems are antagonistic politically and economically. These have molded their respective societies into a psycho-social attitude - in a 4'be all - end all" pattern, on selfish materialist self-interest.
These two systems seem to have proved conducive to their self-interest. Owing to the clash between 'their two ideologies, some nations evolved the concept of "coexistence" i.e. "Live and let live". It was a kind-of compromise between the conflicting ideologies adopted by two Super Powers. Love for mankind as preached by the Super Powers, is nothing but hypocrisy. Each Power is trying to dominate the other. But such is at present the global situation that none can completely overshadow the other. Therefore, such beautiful terminologies like 'peaceful coexistence' are coined.
But such a situation cannot last for a long time. The clouds of world war, every now and then, are hovering. Because of the vulgar materialistic approach to life, the two Super Powers are compelled to adopt an inconsistent policy to meet their vested economic interests.
I, therefore, look forward to the countries those following spiritualism against materialism as their cardinal principle to stress upon world missions and bodies for an ideal relationship based on self-respect and a deep sense of understanding, though a deterrent between the two Super Powers; and the other nations of the world be induced to ensure the peaceful co-existence amongst the c6mmunity of nations, just to promote the universal concept of real good of mankind.
One of the reasons for writing this book is to promote love, unity and
internationalism. In this book, an attempt is made to explain how the religions
of the world developed in the course of their evolution, and how diversity
was rep-laced by unity. When unity was forged in idea with regard to the
dismemberment of East Pakistan, Bangla Desh came into existence. But at
many places and on many points, divergence exists between the two systems.
Supplementing the idea regarding bridging the gap, between the two systems
I pronounced as the following:
Islamic religious beliefs first came to this region through Arab Soofis. Later, after their own interpretations (Sunnah) and Shariat (Laws of religion), to suit the convenience of the ruling Umayyads, these were put forward by Arab conquerors for their own Imperialist designs. These, however, did not carry the social message which was the true spirit of Islam and which was enunciated by Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him and ~ progeny).
The Arab imperialists conquered and enslaved Sindh for many reasons. Economic factor was the main reason. They introduced wrong interpretations of Islam to mislead the people, to strengthen their Imperialist hold on the simple people of Sindh. Due to such wrong methods the majority of the people of the region remained aloof from the wrongly interpreted Islam. Fortunately, after a lapse of some time, saints and Soofis, with their simple, but highly moral lesson of the love of humanity, attracted the common people towards Islam. So the Sindhis threw off Arab Imperialist hold, which had been established by violence due to greed to acquire land, wealth and political power to exploit the local people, with the mere name of Islam. Later, following the true spirit of Islam, as preached by the Soofis, they ignored the bad influence of greed, hatred and violence against other sects, groups and religion, and had become so convinced by the Soofis, as to embrace Islam en masse. It is now very obvious that the present Punjabi imperialism struts about in the borrowed plumage of Pakistani nationalism. In their wild attempt to bolster up their sagging spirits - particularly after the ignominious defeat in East Pakistan - they proudly portray even ordinary acts of mediocre Arab leadership as the quintessence of Islam. So in this way they vainly try to justify their domination on other regions. In fact this is a projection of the defunct Arab Imperialism, which had been rejected by the people of this region long ago. In view of this socio-political and socio-historical background, it is obvious that the cause and the spirit of Sindhi nationalism can no longer be suppressed or put off for a long stretch of time.
It has been observed that the vested interests of Pirs and Mullahs (professional clergymen) of this region have forgotten even the basic 'teachings of Islam, namely 'Love and tolerance'. Instead, they are practicing the Punjabi version of religion, which is a complete negation of it. This was amply demonstrated when on returning from the first world war -of 1914 to 1918 - the British and Indian-Army learnt of a lingering Turkish regiment taking shelter in Mecca, inside the Harem (Ka'aba); The British officer ordered two non-Muslim regiments to go and shoot the Turks inside 'the Ka'aba. One after another both the non-Muslim regiments refused to inside the' Ka'aba. Then the Muslim regiment was given the same order. It executed the order. It was the 15th Punjab Regiment, which was eulogized, even in Pakistan.
Leaders of both the Indian communities also the time (1919-1920) when the Nationalist freedom movement was being joined this. The British deliberately spread the false rumor that the British Army was capturing Mecca. This started the about "Hijrat Movement
Thousands of Muslims lost their jobs, trade and business by leaving their country to "save" Mecca. For details of the sufferings of those who joined it, see Shaukat Osmani's book "From Peshawar to Moscow", and M.N. ROY's MEMOIRS published by Indian Renaissance Publications, Calcutta. So the people shoul4 not forget the Pirs and Moulvis and all their misdeeds. These Pirs and Moulvis are worse than their masters are, Punjabis are.
Now, once again, in the name of "Muslim Brotherhood", which is a mere ruse to exploit the emotions of the gullible Muslims, the cry' for Pan-Islamism is being raised [6]. It is in fact nothing but a dead horse. This new strategy is being spread as a snare to bring the people of Sindh, Frontier and Baluchistan into the fold of, one national entity. This will never fructify, as it is another "dead" horse.
This new formula, with American blessings, is being applied to subjugate the smaller nations like Sindhis, Baluchis and Pakhtoons. If this ever matures and is applied, politically and economically, it will become an economic and political slavery of these small nationalities with their own separate language, culture and traditions. I fear, if this goes on, the day would not be far off when Sindhis would be declared, by the Punjabis, through' a "legal" bill or through an "ordinance" to be classed and treated like "Red Indians", in their own country.
This is not a figment of my imagination. We are witnessing how the Punjabi army is shooting down our valiant student leaders in the jungles, by declaring them to be "Dacoits", and the Muhajirs are being shot down in various' localities of Karachi.
It has already been mentioned that the political and economic interests of the people of Sindh, who, of course, include Karachi, can be safeguarded only when Sindh is separated from the Punjab. Details of this process will follow in the fourth chapter of this book.
After the creation of Pakistan, my apprehensions have always haunted me about the' future of Sindh and its simple people for the following, reasons.
The geographical area of Sindh is so widely spread as to cover fifty-seven thousand square miles (57,000), and at the time of partition its population was only five million. Now, within forty years, mainly due to a heavy influx of the people from different parts of Pakistan, along with its own natural increase owing to childbirths, the population has increased more at an alarming rate. Thus it has given us a census figure of 20 million. So, it is obvious that, within a short time, the original. Sindhis will be turned into a hopeless minority.
It is no secret that even now such an increase in Sindh's population has already over-burdened this region, which has greatly lowered the standard of living of our own people. The non-Sindhis who are retired Punjabi Armymen, are being settled in Sindh to name just one place - Sanghar. The Federal Government is doing so arbitrarily without taking the sanction or goodwill of the local people, and in accordance with a plan and in collusion with the Punjabi capitalist class, for capturing our trade, commerce and industry under a premeditated policy of the (military) Punjabi dominated Government.
In this way the common nationalist Sindhis are being suppressed and forced to leave the economic field to Punjabi capitalists and commercial adventurers. They are facing great hardships, losing business and unemployment. The nationalist Sindhis has a dark future in his or her own land.
The privileged classes of Sindhis i.e. spiritual leaders, feudal lords, merchants and politicians, because of their own vested interests, have cunningly become the agents of the imperialist forces of the Punjab. In Sindh, about twenty-two (22) million acres of land are presently cultivable. About three million acres of land, left by the Hindus, was distributed earlier among the migrants of India against their claim. When the Britishers liberated the Sub-continent the reins of administration, 'of the newly established state of Pakistan, came in the hands of politicians of the emigrants of India and those of the Province of Punjab. These politicians officially acquired many acres of land to colonize the migrants and many people of other Provinces of Pakistan, with special fervors shown to the people of the Punjab. In this maneuver, about six million acres of arable land in Makhi Lake, Kotri Barrage, Guddu Barrage and Sukkur Barrage, was given to outsiders. Since the beginning, Punjabi officials and Zamindars secretly planned and colonized their people systematic-ally. They have in this manner deprived our peasants, farmers and cultivators of their livelihood, so much so that the right of cultivation and ploughing on allotted land was snatched away from them and given to their own ploughmen whom they had brought with them for this purpose. Thus the means of livelihood was closed to our own people the haries.
This has already made our peasantry miserable and progressively it is becoming worse. Under much outward show of religion, exploitation goes on in such a manner as to wipe out the very existence of Sindhi nation.
The Punjabis made tall claims of being one nation on the assured plea of, the different cultural and linguistic heterogeneous ethnic groups living within one territory under the flag of Pakistan, therefore (their absurd argument said) 'race, temperament, habit, culture and local language' should be ignored. Their convenient religious cover provides them with a carte blanche to exercise absolute political power. That is why they want to frame a unilateral constitution, sweeping overboard even the small 217o representation of Sindh with Parliament. In this way, other smaller nations, within this territory, together with the Sindhis, could be reduced to a minority on their own soil. The Sindhis would have to remain subjugated for ever under the majority of the Punjab, thus; wiping out thousands years of history, traditions, culture and heritage of Sindh, along with its entity as a separate nation of this Sub-continent, the Punjabis are great champions of Pakistan.
Outsiders run most of the industries, small or heavy, which are set up in Sindh. Even the labor, skilled and manual, is brought from other provinces and given jobs in the entire textile and other manufacturing industries of Sindh. This means that the entire production of our industries is also given into the hands of non-Sindhis. Under this head of account, every year, over fifteen hundred crores of rupees worth of capital goes out of Sindh, which means a heavy blow to Sindh's economy.
The main seaport of Sindh is located in Karachi. This city has been populated and crowded according to the plans of the Punjabis. Thus, the control over all the exports and imports of Sindh involving billions of rupees remain in their hands. The introduction of the "Dry Docks" system, in other parts of the country is also connected with the same secret conspiracy to deprive the exchequer of Sindh.
Let me point out that under a tailored policy, the non-Sindhi traders and merchants in Sindh are being encouraged and supported by the Punjabi civil executives of the state in such a way that almost the entire business and trade have passed into their hands Now 'they have the monopoly to such an extent as to be able to manipulate the rates of our merchandise at their sweet will and profit.
This exploiting class has also purchased agricultural productions at the lowest rates during the last 40 years, exporting the same abroad at much higher rates, thus depriving &e local people of their just and legitimate rights of deriving benefit from the sales of their agricultural products of food-stuffs, cash crops and many other kinds of raw materials. Thus billions have been earned through such dishonest and unfair means, like manipulations of rates, etc. On top of such brazen-faced exploitation, a thin mask is provided for the propaganda of various religious ideologies which are dinned into the ears of the people of Sindh to create confusion in their minds to make them remain contended in their economic misery and political slavery.
Behind the facade of Muslim nationalism there are no restrictions to check the incoming people into Sindh from other provinces. This has raised the population of Sindh from five millions to twenty millions. Since the creation of Pakistan about 8 millions of the people. From far-flung rural areas of the countries migrated to settle in our cities. If this practice continues, in the very future, natives of Sindh would be converted into a minority ruining its language, tradition and culture. In the Central Government of Pakistan, Sindh is representative by a small minority to which the Center (in other words which is the majority of Punjab), inducts and executes such policies by which the entire annual income and tax collections, i.e. more than sixteen hundred crores of rupees from levies, taxes and revenues go to the Center. Out of which not even 5% of it is spent for the benefit of the people of Sindh. This is absolute cruelty to all groups of Sindhis. If one voices against these glaring injustices, he will not only be snubbed but be treated as a traitor, agent of a foreign power and be dubbed "an enemy of Islam".
In fact Sindh forms a major portion of the Central Budget, as 80% of the entire budget depends on Sindh's incomes and earnings. Thus the exchequer of Sindhi serves as the mainstay of the national budget of Pakistan. It is an irony of fate that in the services of the Central Government, out of (1000) thousand persons, the ratio of the Sindhis could hardly be of one per cent. Therefore, the Central Government is formed and run by the Punjabis. ft is they who stabilize, strengthen and protect the social, political and economic interests entirely of the Punjab. So to say, it is a "Government for the Punjab", "Of the Punjab", "For the Punjab" and "By the Punjab", which has always existed in Pakistan.
It is therefor that most non-Sindhis got opportunities to take over the entire trade and business of Sindh. By hook or by crook they earn over here and then also rule dictatorially on our simple village folk1 in a manner which amounts to the slavery of our people.
On top of this, they beguile the innocent masses by exploiting religion and the cause of Islam, proclaiming arrogantly that all the policies are being framed and rule for the unity, faith and discipline to build a strong Pakistan. The intelligentsia and the politically conscious people of Sindh curse such a Pakistan and pray to Allah to bring an end to this neo-imperialism, that is, Punjabism. Since the inception of Pakistan, the politicians they came into power, and remained at the helm of affairs, were mostly Punjabis, who never bothered,' rather ignored, our faith, traditions, culture and customs.
An alien language in Sindh i.e. Urdu, which was not the language of any province of Pakistan, was thrust on us, and Sindh was declared a bi-lingual province. On the one hand, just to win over and subdue the people of Sindh, they artfully propagated their policy through newspapers, radio, television and other institutions like schools, colleges and universities. While on the other hand, Sindh's language, literature and culture were declared obnoxious and degenerate in order to run down the reality of Sindhi nationhood.
From Sindh, some unscrupulous and selfish Pirs, Moulvis and so-called politicians, traders and many others who were frightened, were purchased to work against Sindh's social, political and economic interest. If such injustices against the human rights of our Sindhi people are allowed to continue, then naturally the natives of Sindh will be soon converted into scheduled caste.
In Pakistan, recently, a Summit Conference of the Muslim Heads of States was held to unite the Muslims of the world. This Conference was meant to create another illusion for the people of Sindh, and other nations composing Pakistan, to detract them from the main mission of their just struggle. This Conference was also meant to provide an illusion to the world in general, and to the Muslims in particular, with a facade if "World Muslim Unity" existed in reality at all. The Iran-Iraq and Chad-Libya war are glaring evidence of this unity. Besides the Afghan-Pakistan relation where bombing continued each day, is another proof of the Muslim unity.
Later on, a Seerat Conference was also arranged in Pakistan. The Pesh Imams of the Harems of Mecca and Madina were invited to hoodwink the simple Muslims of Sindh and other provinces. This was obviously a "pill" to put off a social earthquake from its out burst. These Pesh Imams woefully lack the knowledge of the social content and real teachings of Islam, as enunciated by the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him, and his progeny) and about such Pesh Imams, no less a person than Allama Iqbal has called them "IGNORAMUS BEINGS".
It may be observed in passing the Arab Imperialist interpretation of Islam, performance of Hajj is a compulsory deed for every Muslim. Pakistani Imperialism was founded by the Punjabis, with the co-operation of those migrants of India who believe that the Muslim simpletons could always b~ exploited in the name of Islam. So these crafty Imperialist agents designed to propagate religion and Islam artfully, just to serve their own ends. there fore, considering the performance of Hajj, as one of the supposed pillars of Islam, just to gain popularity they induced several thousands of Muslims of the country to go every 'year on pilgrimage to Mecca. These blind Muslim followers were told that the performance of Hajj, once in your life cleans and purifies the self from all sins and past misdeeds till Doomsday and grants the reward of a place in Paradise. Apart from many other methods of draining Sindh of its wealth in the performance of Hajj, millions of rupees worth of foreign exchange is spent annually from Sindh alone. The idea of getting salvation of the soul by the performance of Hajj is totally fictitious, fabricated, concocted and misleading. A detailed information, in its true historically perspective, on the ceremony of the annual congregation in Mecca, will be presented in the 2nd chapter.
Since the creation of Pakistan, the Government did not try to, or could not have good neighborly relations either with India or even with Afghanistan, though the latter is an out and out Muslim country. It seems that the early rulers of this unfortunate country suffered from a fear-complex coupled with a sense of inferiority. This psychology pushed them into the waiting arms of the Americans - a Jewish dominated, capitalist power, which was now stepping into the shoes of vanished British Imperialism so as to hunt in the hunting grounds of Asia and South Asia.
The American aid has always been with a political string attached. The American Imperialism consists not in grabbing but in giving. Unlike British Imperialism, it believes and acts on the '4remote control" system. It does not rule by sending its "Governor Generals" and "Viceroys". That is old-fashioned and hackneyed. The American Imperialism rules through DOLLARS. It buys off local "big wigs", "big wigs" to be and, of course, the top brass in all "developing countries . To be precise, an Imperialist rules by the hidden tentacles of its C.I.A. Any Asian Government cabinet" of "selected politicians rulers", as America's "Yes men", is substituted, to run the "democratic" state with "American Aid". If any of the chosen leader who shows strong nationalist tendencies is "bumped off", that is he meets with a convenient accident, and those who see "democracy" the American way, grow conveniently rich.
In this setting, in the post-war world, Pakistan was born, and at once the feeding bottle of American Aid was put into its mouth. So what really was surprising was, that in 1954-55 the then Prime Minister, Bogra Muhammad Ali, returning from a cabinet meeting found an American journalist sitting in his bedroom, who demanded to know what had transpired in the "secret" Cabinet meeting. In five years (1950 to 1955) the American Imperialism had dug in its tentacles very deep in the socioeconomic and socio-political warp and whoop of Pakistan's political life. The rest is a story of Pakistan's subservience to the dictates of policies meant to safeguard American financial interests in South Asia. The Afghan "affair" is a link in the same chain of American geo-political interests in South-East Asia. To put it in a nutshell, the position 'of Pakistan - Afghanistan confrontation is the direct result of towing the American global political line.
It is no longer a secret that American economy thrives mainly on increasing the aims race in the developing countries. The more the enmity between Asian neighbors, the more armament manufacturers of American grow rich, and they also "oblige" the representatives of the "top brass", who go to the "chosen" who are sent by the Military High Command, and "select" the type of sophisticated arms needed. The representative of the top brass gets his cut (commission).
During 1969-70 General Sher Ali was Minister of Information. Earlier, he was selected to sign the then arm's deal with American arms manufacturers. About him the world famous Miss Jean Dixon wrote that (apart from other things and monetary fervors) General Sher All had bought an expensive car. All this is on record. Incidentally, General Sher All had affiliations with the Jamate-Islami, and did his best to help the Jamat men in the 1970 General Elections. So, for the "top brass", the purchases of arms have been a lucrative business, from the yields of which large agricultural lands have been bought, bungalows in posh areas purchased or constructed, in the names of their "Begums" or other relatives.
During the past forty years with the increased strength of the armed forces, there were no military engagements with Soviet Russia or with Afghanistan. But this added military power, supplied by American arms dealers, was used in another way. The people of Pakistan had to submit themselves to and bear three Martial Law regimes consecutively, when the Constitution of the country was either suspended or abrogated or held in abeyance, and the country was dictatorially ruled under the threat of the might of those arms and ammunitions, which were taken and given - sanctioned by the U.S. Government - ostensibly to defend the borders of the country. IF AND WHEN ATTACKED BY A FOREIGN POWER.
This added military might served as a means of subduing as well as coercing the people to accept the usurpation of the fundamental rights of the people, destruction and abolition of various democratic institutions - such as the Trade Union rights of the workers - hampering the social and political process and sowing the seeds of parochialism.
An internationally accepted norm of political behavior is to extend the "Olive Branch" as a genuine token of desiring friendship or good relation, with a neighboring country. But who has ever heard of the astounding modus operandi of showing, or advertising one's superiority in missiles and most powerful fighting aircrafts, and expecting a neighboring country to extend its hand of friendship. However, let us try to analyze the genesis of these conflicts with Pakistan's neighboring countries.
The foremost cause is the exploiting of religion for the "Two nation theory", which was put forward as a plea to divide India. It is a fact that none of the countries round the globe ever existed in the name of religion as a nation except Pakistan and the Jewish religious state of Israel.
Now, exploiting the spiritual attachment of the common Muslims in the name of Islam, the exploiters want to obliterate smaller ethnic groups like Sindhis, Baluchis and Pukhtoons. Each of them has been existing for thousands of years as a nation. Their liberty is being trampled upon. The enmity with India is kept alive on the Kashmir issue, for giving the people of Kashmir the right of "self determination". Yet they refuse to recognize the existence of Pukhtoons and allow them to exercise the right of their self-determination.
Periodical increase in the military' strength, along with bulk st6rage of heavy armaments, together with its sophisticated weaponry, keeps the Kashmir issue alive. This naturally causes fear and apprehension among the Indians of a sudden attack by Pakistan. They fear that these military preparations could be suddenly used against them. So are the people of Afghanistan afraid that across the DURAND LINE, their brothers are being antagonized with them to subjugate.
So, many times Martial Law has been imposed to end Civil Government. In fact, at gun point9 the democratic institutions were destroyed, and by an intrigue "One Unit" was set up for political and economic exploitation of Bengal and Sindh. A state of confusion and chaos in the country was created to justify the military operation in East Bengal, to kill the awakening and suppress the upsurge of masses. I salute the heroic efforts of our Muslim Bengali brethren who valiantly fought for their just rights against Punjabi Imperialism and ultimately got their' objective. This clearly indicates the ulterior motives of the Punjabi ruling class, behind the steps to increase the Punjabi army units, and the piling up of military armaments. It is so strange that while, on the one hand, friendship with India is publicly desired but on the other, arms are being piled up, to fight whom? or is it to use against the common people?
Since Pakistan has come into being, its Government has adopted such a policy that a' large number of natives of Sindh were deprived of their hold on banks, trade and commerce, industry and agriculture. They were kept out of the Central Superior Services of Pakistan, and they also lost many thousands of acres of arable land. It has already been mentioned how 0.2 million acres of land, in a short time, went into the hands of non-Sindhis.
During all this period no constitution worth the name, by giving free rights of democratic freedom to the common citizens, was framed. The 1962 and the much talked of 1956 Constitutions were only meant to keep the hegemony of the old Muslim Leaguers and to give them a longer lease of political life. It was only in the 1972-73 period that a real Constitution was framed as to get the approval of all the political parties of the four units. But in that Constitution, the Sindhis were made a minority and such a policy was followed that five crores of Punjabis and people other than Sindhis, were allowed to freely migrate into Sindh, so that the standard of living of all types of Sindhis went on deteriorating, day by day. Mainly Punjabis usurped the Central as well as the Provincial Services. In effect it was the "One Unit" in-arrant once again Sindhis of all groups were always kept at a disadvantage in their own country. The problem of unemployment is steadily increasing. For this purpose the Punjabis had established " one unit" , began martial Law rules and denied the rights of nationhood to Sindhis. Thus in the name of Islam and Pakistan, Sindhis are reduced, day by day, to the ignominious status of the Red Indians of America or that of the untouchables of India.
Under the 1973 constitution of Pakistan the four federating units of the Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and the Frontier, have been amalgamated and made into a single country, consisting of one nationalism, so the citizens of each of the four units have the prerogative to migrate from one to any other federated unit, and settle there. In the Frontier, arable land is not enough for the peasants to till the land. So these men, in hundreds of' thousands, go to other units in search of livelihood. Whereas in Baluchistan there is plenty of uninhabited and fallow land and the population is very small, but due to the absence of a Systematized water supply System, even the underground water cannot be used, and the cultivators being small in number, are too poor to adopt any methodical supply of water on a large scale.
In view of the above mentioned real state of affairs, it is but natural that Karachi being the most advanced and industrialized city and the chief port of Sindh the manual labor and technical manpower of other, units. flock here. Hence many articles have appeared in the local press on the question of heavy urbanization, which in 'turn, has brought many social, ,economic, linguistic, transport and housing problems - not to speak of the different ethnic groups combating, clashing and killing each ,other., Owing to this, Karachi has been under curfew many times. Yet the Punjabis still make the absurd and untenable, claim of Pakistan being one nation. In modern times radio; television, newspapers and books are used for the purpose of propaganda. This media of public information which moulds, the public mind, is in the hands of the Central Government. This vast and powerful source of conditioning the minds is utilized against the people of Sindh, Baluchistan and Pakhtoonistan. If Sindhis demand their rights, they are sent to jails, their printing presses are confiscated and names of written on institutions, roads, other places as ports, libraries and colleges. The name of Mohammed Bin Qasim, Liaquat Ali Khan and Ghulam Muhammad are a few of such who were well known for their enmity of Sindh. Their names have been used for this purpose. In this way, the people are misguided to believe that these were the heroes and are now enemies. These are only a few of such glaring facts, which have forced me to change my former attitude to Pakistan. For, I can see how Punjabi minds are working. I have therefore come to the inevitable conclusion that there is no solution for our Sindhi people except that, of seceding from Pakistan and establishing Sindhu Desh.
The countries coming under the hegemony of Pakistan a geographic entity which had never before been known in history - are the present states of Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab and Pakhtoonistan. Each of these have all the essentials of a statehood such as geographical topography (land), boundaries, ethnic group of people, language, culture, economy, history and cultural heritage, and formerly it did have sovereignty before the Arab Imperialist invasion and was later subjugated by the British in the 19th Century.
Further, there is a wrong and misleading interpretation of Islam. It is based on the division of mankind. The religious favor is stirred by sectarian hatred and by an attitude of superiority complex. It is all manipulated by the Punjabi officialdom.
Therefore I consider the above mentioned steps as a few of the hindrances in our efforts to achieve our national freedom, because the Pakistani Muslim mind has been so conditioned as a one-track mind, that it cannot see the realities of history. So, for the general reader here are given just a few, yet glaring, facts of the past as well as of contemporary history:
The persons and groups with vested interest in Sindh, like Pirs, Mullahs, Jagirdars, Zamindars and traders have, throughout history, worked as a group with vested, interests and, therefore, at times of foreign subjugation, has served as agent provocateur of foreign powers to safeguard its own group interests. In every period of Muslim history such and similar groups of vested interest have used the, sentiments and emotions of simple, ill-informed Muslims, to serve their own ends, by always using the name of Islam to misguide the sun pie common people.
It is, therefore, no surprise that in the name of Islam or of Pakistan, the national freedom movement of Sindhis is suffering setback because of the false propaganda of the Punjabi bureaucracy and military.
The undeniable hindrances can be set aside or overcome by acting on the following guidelines: